Creative Commons = "Free" Pictures, Music etc.

© = copyright

The copyright system protects intellectual property. If you write something, make a picture or sounds, nobody can use your work without permission (“All rights reserved”). Only you, the copyright owner can make copies and use them to make money.

Copyright applies to:

1 Verbal works (= written articles, poems, plays, books)

2 Visual works (photos, drawings, etc.)

3 Sounds (Music, stories and other sounds)

If you want to use copyright material, you need to

1. get permission
2. pay royalties
3. acknowledge the source

Use compfight.com to help you find "free" photos on Flickr.com

South American Countries: Pronunciation

This table shows you how to pronounce the names of each country in General American English. The symbols follow standard IPA usage, not obsolete KK (60+ year-old Northeastern US English):

South & Central America -- Quick Review

*North America*

1 Hernan Cortes kidnapped the Aztec emperor; the Spanish then occupied Mexico; the home of chocolate

*Central America & the Caribbean*

2 Guatemala (the former Maya empire)

3 Belize They speak English

“Banana Republics” (The United Fruit Company)

4 El Salvador (the savior)

5 Honduras (hurricanes)

6 Nicaragua (Lake Nicaragua + man-eating sharks) (maybe a future canal)

7 Costa Rica (Spanish = “Rich Coast”) no army, good education; tropical rain forest

8 Panama Canal

9 Cuba cigars & sugar (sugar cane); conga; Guantanamo prison; Guantanamera

10 The Bahamas (English-speaking; secret bank accounts)

11 Jamaica (English-speaking; calypso music: steel drums)

12 Haiti (French-speaking; very poor; tremendous earthquake damage)

13 The Dominican Republic (better-off than Haiti)

14 Puerto Rico (American, but NOT a state)

*South America*

15 Colombia (heroin, cocaine, coffee; coca leaves)

16 Venezuela (member of OPEC: petroleum)

17 Ecuador (Spanish = “equator” English) is on the equator

18 Peru former center of the Inca Empire (Pizarro kidnapped Atahualpa and stole tons of gold and silver; the Spanish occupied Peru); the potato and guinea pigs come from P.

19 Brazil (the Amazon rain forest; the samba: the biggest, most famous Carnival; they speak Portuguese)

20 Bolivia (Lake Titicaca: the highest navigable lake in the world)

21 Paraguay (they speak Spanish AND Guarani, the aboriginal language; they make beautiful music with harps)

22 Chile (they sell guano [bird poop] and salmon; grapes à wine; apples)

23 Argentina (the tango; grass-fed beef)

24 Uruguay (people from Italy & Germany)

South America -- Geography

Very brief summary notes for South American countries:

South America. Notice Central and North America to the north,
Antarctica to the south and Africa to the east. Can you identify the countries?

This map was made by putting together many photos. Notice the mountain range on the west coast.

Countries in South America (CIA map)

Paraguay is a landlocked country (smaller than Bolivia). Paraguay is the only country in South America where the original language of the local people (Guaraní) is an official language. In all other countries, either Spanish or Portuguese (in Brazil) is the only official language.

Venezuela produces oil (petroleum) in Lake Maracaibo.